Background
Today's hybrid car runs on a mix of electric power provided by a large battery pack and by a gas engine powered by gasoline. A full hybrid will run at low speeds on all electric power, while the gas engine takes over at higher speeds. In order to recharge the battery pack, either the gas engine or regenerative braking pushes energy back into the storage. You can travel for a mile or three on all electric power, but the gas engine will turn on as the power drain on the battery pack is tremendous.
A plug-in hybrid is basically the same concept, except the battery pack is larger and can be recharged by plugging the car in. After the juice wears out, the gas engine takes over moving the car along and recharging the battery pack along with regenerative braking. You can go farther on all electric power, but movement of the car is provided by both the gas and the electric motor.
Extended Range Electric Vehicles (E-REV) are plug-in hybrids, but with a twist. The gas engine does not move the car. Instead, it is just there to recharge the battery pack which powers the electric motor which moves the car.
The electric motor, when powered by a fully charged (plugged in overnight) battery pack, can move the car on its own at whatever speed up to 40-50 miles. You can count on some re-charging from regenerative braking. But after that, the gas engine begins recharging the batteries until you can get back to a plug.
Basically, you have an electric car, whose range has been extended by the gas motor. Current estimates put the Chevy Volt, the most talked about E-REV on the way from GM, fuel economy somewhere between 120 and 200 mpg. Can you imagine a car that gets 150 mpg?
Pros of E-REVs
What are the benefits of E-REV over plug-in hybrids or just hybrid cars? To put it simply, you may not need to put gas in the car again. If your every day commute is short enough and you have access to a plug, you can always charge the battery pack via plug and never need to 'gas up' again. Plug-ins, since they are designed to run the electric and gas motor in tandem, will need to be re-fueled even if you do plug it in every night. If you're traveling greater distances, a plug-in can be more efficient, but for most people who drive less than 40 miles a day, the E-REV may be the better choice.
Most conservationists feel that running on electricity, rather than oil, is better for the environment. I'm not an expert in this area, but I believe it would be easier to regulate the electric companies than it is to regulate the cars. One source of power, compared to thousands of sources, is just simpler.
Another positive note is lessening the dependence our country has on oil. By running more on electric, rather than gas, we can cut our oil use drastically.
And, for now, electricity is cheaper as a fuel than gasoline is. Your location will vary depending on how much your electricity costs and when you plug-in (night time electricity can cost less than daytime), but there are some estimates that an all-electric car costs you 2-6 cents per mile to drive. The Prius, in comparision, costs 21 cents per mile to drive. The E-REV should end up having fuel costs closer to the bottom of that range.
Of course, there's the cool factor associated with being the first to drive a new type of car. The first to drive the Insight or Prius off the lot were certainly asked a lot of questions about how and why they were buying the first generation of modern hybrids. I'm sure the new owners of the E-REVs on the way will get the same kind of notice.
A bonus that may not appeal to many who are interested in the new technology is the performance levels. Based on hybrid car sales, it's the cars that focus in on fuel economy that are the winners. But, if applied, E-REV engines can be designed for performance levels instead. Take a look at what the Karma will be able to do and you can see how powerful these engines can be without even trying.
And then there's the federal government tax breaks on E-REV already in place. The Chevy Volt is already being estimated to qualify you for up to $7,500 in tax credits. That's if you qualify and so on and so forth, but that's a pretty nice discount on the sure to be expensive Volt.
And, while we haven't seen them yet, I'm sure the E-REVs coming out will qualify for local perks just like hybrid cars have. Better parking, access to HOV lanes, local and state tax breaks, etc... Just getting access to the HOV lane can be quite a relief depending on your commute.
Cons of E-REVs
But, of course, it's not all bright and cheery. When it comes to E-REV technology, there are just as many cons to consider as there are benefits.
For instance, do you even have access to a plug where you park your car? You probably don't have one at your workplace or wherever else you go, but what about at home? Do you live in an apt buiding and there's no extension cord long enough?
It may take 6-8 hours for you to fully re-charge the battery pack. Will you be able to do that consistently, or will you be relying on the gas engine to charge the batteries all the time? What if you forget to plug-in? There goes your fuel economy for the day (I've seen an estimate the Volt may have gotten a rating of 40+ mpg, so it's not like it would be a tragedy). There are some 'quick chargers' being developed and deployed, but I'm guessing it won't be something so cheap you'll want one in your garage.
Do you have to worry about the battery pack getting depleted if you leave the car parked for a week? a month? I'm not sure you could 'jump' these batteries easily.
And, of course, you probably will have to re-fuel with gas, too. Is that a nuisance factor, having to re-fuel twice? Plugging in at night (every night), and if your commute is long enough, having to re-fuel too?
And is electricity any cleaner than gas? There's certainly enough debate on the matter that I'm not weighing in on the matter, but from the reports I've seen, it all depends on where you live and how your electricity is produced. Yes, you will cut down on oil imports, but oil independence may not be your motivating factor. If pollution and 'green' products are your motivation, you may have to look closely at this one.
And, of course, there's the biggest CON of all; Cost. The Chevy Volt is estimated to cost somewhere in the range of $40,000. That sort of up-front payment is not feasible for a lot of people. Given the current economic climate, the number of people willing to pay that much for a car is probably going down right now. Everyone I've spoken to about the Volt, who has heard some things and is getting excited about it, has quickly cooled down when they heard that estimate. When you look at the Prius, which runs in the $20K range, and the new Insight, which will cost under $19K, some of those who are interested in the Volt may be turned off.
The look of the Volt (not E-REV) has also been a detractor so far. After seeing the concept vehicle, then seeing the production vehicle, a lot of people took their names off of the 'waiting list.' Designed for wind tunnels, the Volt came out looking a lot like the Prius and the new Insight. Mind you, the fuel economy benefits are plentiful, but if you're looking to distinguish yourself from the crowd, the new look doesn't do it.
How much will it cost you to repair the new vehicle whenever anything goes wrong? The battery pack may be the most expensive item in the car, so if something goes wrong there, ugghhh... That's not likely to occur, and I would also expect GM et. al. will continue the high warranty levels they have on their hybrids right now (including battery replacement cost), but that still leaves all the other things going on under the hood.
Any repairs on a new type of vehicle like this will most likely have to occur at the dealership. So, if you think you can save money by going to your local mechanic, think again. They may not even touch it for a routine oil change. So, even though oil changes and such will occur a lot less often, the overall repair and maintenance cost will most likely end up on the high side since you will have to rely on the dealership repair shops.
Conclusions
So, is an E-REV right for you? Not if you're making an economic decision it isn't. But, if you're interested in moving cars away from gasoline, cutting our oil dependence, interested in making yourself noticed, or hate going to fill your car up but don't want the limited range of an all electric vehicle holding you back, then an E-REV may be the car for you.
At least, if you have the money to buy one.
Friday, 5 December 2008
Wednesday, 3 December 2008
Prius is the Worst Performing Car in Sales... Hardly
According to a Treehugger post (Worst Sales Performance of Any Car: Toyota Prius : TreeHugger)What is the worst performing car (in sales) in America in November? The Prius.There are a couple of problems with that claim. First, they only look at the most popular cars and trucks, so claiming the Prius is the worst performing car is over the top.
Sales are Bad
Not that a 48% sales decline is anything to be happy about.
But at the same time, this is an indication of how numbers can lie. Having kept track of hybrid sales for a couple of years now, I think I can understand why the numbers are declining on the Prius.
First, the cost of gas has gone way down in the past month. That alone should relieve some of the pressure on more fuel economic cars. Until gas prices go up, at least some people are going to be opting for less fuel efficient cars.
The Prius may be the most inexpensive full hybrid on the road to buy right now, but that doesn't make it cheap to buy. It's price puts it above the line for a lot people. In the current economy, anything that might be considered a luxury is being put off.
Also, despite the downturn in sales, hybrids are not getting discounted. I've even seen some reports of dealerships charging more than the asking price, even now. Other cars are getting discounts and special financing deals, but not hybrids.
The Prius is about to move into a next generation. For those who know, waiting until the next generation Prius is on the road is a smart move.
One last point (and this may be the biggest one). Last November, sales on hybrids (not just the Prius) were up 82%. The Prius was up by 109%! After moving their Camry Hybrid production into Kentucky, Toyota was able to increase production of the Prius and November's sales showed how well they were doing in filling in the back orders they had.
Prius is Still at the Top
Despite all the downward pressure on car sales, the Prius is still one of the top selling cars in the US. Toyota has very little inventory on the Prius. They are selling the ones they have, without any attempt to increase production. To put it simply, Toyota is selling every Prius they make.
If we take the list at Treehugger at face value, it's #16 on the list of all cars, trucks and SUVs. If we just restrict to cars, it's in the top 10. Sales are down 10% on the year. I wonder how many other cars can say that's all they're down.
I'd have to say Treehugger Lloyd Alter is getting this one wrong. I know his point is how Ford and GM aren't exactly getting everything wrong as compared to Toyota or Honda. But that doesn't mean his claims about the Prius are right.
Dodge Challenger Auction to Benefit Shriners Hospitals for Children
I normally limit all my posts to those regarding hybrid cars, but an auction on a Dodge Challenger to benefit the Shriners Hospitals for Children is worth the attention I can give it.
Boston, MA - An iconic muscle car of the 1970s, the Dodge Challenger, is back after a 35-year absence and a limited-edition 2008 Dodge Challenger SRT8 is up for auction on eBay through Sunday, Dec. 7. Proceeds of the online auction will benefit Shriners Hospitals for Children.
The New England Dodge Dealers Association donated the car because the group wants to raise awareness and funds for Shriners Hospitals for Children. "The decision to donate the Challenger SRT8 was based on the positive personal experiences many of our dealers and the association's Board members have had with the Shriners and Shriners Hospitals," said New England Dodge Dealer Association President Frank Brody. "Shriners Hospitals for Children is truly a benevolent organization that has proven they really want to make a difference for children."
The Dodge Challenger SRT8, which is #234 of the 6,400 produced in 2008, goes zero to 60 in five seconds and is loaded with options, including a 6.1 liter HEMI® V-8 engine with 425 horsepower, GPS navigation system, Keyless Go Entry, MyGIG multimedia system and UConnect hands-free communication.
This car is on display at the New England International Auto Show at the Boston Convention and Exhibition Center, located at 415 Summer Street, Boston, MA 02210 from Wednesday, Dec. 3 to Sunday, Dec. 7. The winning bid will be announced at the show on Dec. 7 at 6 p.m.
For a link to the auction site, go to www.BeAChallenger.com.
For more information on the New England International Auto Show please visit http://www.paragonexpo.com/189.html?flash=1.
Hybrids are on Their Way to Washington
According to the news reports, the CEO from Ford and GM are no longer traveling by plane to go see Congress in D.C. Instead, they'll travel down in their own hybrids in an effort to disengage themselves from the corporate jet image they left with.
GM Chairman and CEO Wagoner will be traveling in a Chevy Malibu Hybrid, while For CEO Alan Mulally will take a Ford Escape Hybrid from Detroit to D.C. Wagoner's staff may be flying down, but Mulally's staffers will take turns with him in driving the Escape.
Chrysler Nardelli hasn't said if he'll be driving, but it's a good guess he won't be traveling by corporate jet.
GM Chairman and CEO Wagoner will be traveling in a Chevy Malibu Hybrid, while For CEO Alan Mulally will take a Ford Escape Hybrid from Detroit to D.C. Wagoner's staff may be flying down, but Mulally's staffers will take turns with him in driving the Escape.
Chrysler Nardelli hasn't said if he'll be driving, but it's a good guess he won't be traveling by corporate jet.
Tuesday, 2 December 2008
The Fisker Karma
Fisker Automotive will be showing the first production model at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit. It will be very similar to the show car shown off at the show in January.
The Karma is not exactly for everyone. With a pricetag of $87,900, very few will be enjoying its comforts. It's a very impressive Extended Range Electric Vehicle (plug-in hybrid), with all the bells and whistles you might expect. You can travel up to 50 miles on all electric power, and after that, the gas engine will kick in and you can run in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) mode.
The electric motor is powered by the (very large!) battery pack (22.6 kWh). You can charge it using an 110V or 220V plug
Fisker estimates you can get 100 mpg out of this very powerful sports car if you commute less than 50 miles a day and charge the Karma overnight. And you can go 0-60 in 5.8 seconds. You can select which mode you prefer on the fly, stealth or sports. The stealth mode restricts your powerful engine and extends the all electric range, while the sports mode allows for enhanced vehicle performance.
And, just to top it off, there will be solar panels on the roof. The energy captured goes to the battery pack, giving you an extended range on all electric power.
Read more about the Karma, how it's being built in Finland, or just follow the category (Fisker) tag at the end of this post.
Press Release Follows:
RVINE, Calif., Dec. 2 /PRNewswire/ -- Fisker Automotive, Inc., a green American premium sports car company, today announced that its first production car, the Fisker Karma, will be showcased at the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS). With only minor design enhancements made to the exterior of the vehicle, the production Fisker Karma plug-in hybrid retains the extreme proportions and beautiful sculpture of the January 2008 Karma show car.
"We are very excited to be bringing the Fisker Karma back to NAIAS," said Fisker Automotive CEO Henrik Fisker. "In the year since we debuted the Karma, the reception we've received has been tremendous. I'm proud to announce at this time that we are already sold out on the car until mid-2010."
With a base price of $87,900 (USD), the Fisker Karma is scheduled to begin delivery in November 2009. Featuring the proprietary Q-Drive powertrain, the Fisker Karma will have an all-electric range of 50 miles (80km). After the all electric 50 miles, the gasoline engine turns a generator to charge the lithium ion battery. Once the 50-mile electric range has been exceeded, the Fisker Karma can be used as a normal hybrid vehicle. With this balance of electric and gas range, Fisker Automotive estimates that most Karma drivers who charge the Karma overnight and commute less than 50 miles per day will be able to achieve an average fuel economy of 100 mpg (2.4L/100km) per year.
The production model to be featured at the 2009 NAIAS will include an upper grill that is graphically enhanced, being slightly larger towards the outer corners. The lower air intake has been enlarged to allow for more airflow and underneath the rear bumper, an aerodynamic diffuser includes the integration of a cooling cover for the electric drivetrain.
To optimize cooling and aerodynamics, the exhaust pipe from the ICE engine is routed directly out behind the front wheels. A small functional side vent will release the hot air when the ICE engine is turned on. The Fisker Karma also features a complete flush B-pillar. The B-pillar is a safety feature and already fulfills the proposed 2012 rollover protection safety regulations.
Underneath the Karma is an all aluminum spaceframe made in cooperation with Norsk Hydro. The exterior body is a combination of aluminum panels and composite panels.
The Karma has a unique sustainable interior strategy. The design of the interior cabin is a luxurious tailored space for four adults. The interior will be unveiled for the first time in its final form at the 2009 NAIAS.
The vehicle's ride and handling is decisively sporty and includes very responsive steering. The Karma's long wheel base, wide track and low center of gravity provide excellent cornering and stability at highway speeds.
The innovative powertrain, Q-drive, utilizes a large, powerful lithium ion battery and a powerful 2-liter direct injected turbo-charged 4-cylinder gasoline engine developing 260 hp, which enables the Karma to achieve a continuous top speed of 125 mph and a 0-60 of 5.8 seconds. The large powerful lithium ion battery provides 22.6 kWh, which has unique control software. The two powerful electric motors deliver a combined 408 hp.
Additional features of the Karma include:
Karma Powertrain "Q-Drive"
Powertrain Overview Description
The Karma powertrain is a high performance, high efficiency, plug-in hybrid electric system comprised of three electric machines, three inverters, a turbo-charged 2.0 L high-feature DI gasoline engine and an advanced Lithium- ion technology battery pack. This hardware combination coupled with the innovative Q-Drive control system provides for a unique driving experience where energy, power, feel, and fuel economy are optimized to satisfy driver demands.
Energy Storage System
The energy storage system incorporates an advanced lithium-ion chemistry battery pack with integrated control and safety systems that ensure safe and powerful operation throughout the operating life. The system has a maximum storage capacity of 22.6 kW-hrs and is capable of delivering a peak electric power of 200 kW (500 Amps at 400 Volts) throughout the charge depleting range of operation. The Advanced Lithium Power battery pack has been designed for the rigorous requirements of the automotive environment, and is a full "plug and play unit" utilizing all advanced vehicle communications software. The battery pack uses inherently safe cell chemistry and has been designed with multiple levels of software and hardware features to ensure optimal performance while providing the highest levels of safety features.
Powertrain Electric Traction
The power dense dual motor traction drive is capable of delivering a peak output mechanical power of 300 kW (408 hp) and a peak torque of 1300 Nm (959 Ft-lb) to the input of the differential. In Sport mode this provides for a high performance luxury sport sedan acceleration time of 0 to 60 mph (0-100 km/h) in less than 6 seconds. The sustained (electronic limited) top speed is 125 mph (200 km/h).
Karma Powertrain Operating Modes
Stealth
Stealth is the default mode of operation. In this mode of operation the Q-Drive continuously optimizes the system performance and efficiency around fuel economy and electric operation. The high efficiency traction system and stable battery pack operating characteristics provide for full no-compromise electric performance on the urban driving schedule. The total achievable all electric range of greater than 50 miles is realized while in Stealth mode. In this mode the maximum vehicle speed will be limited to 95 mph with slightly limited acceleration. When electric mode is exited, the charge sustaining low energy threshold has been reached. The Q-Drive system then transitions to HEV operation. In HEV mode, the Q-Drive still optimizes fuel economy.
Sport
Sport is a driver selectable feature allowing for enhanced vehicle performance operation. This mode takes full advantage of the peak traction system performance capability and delivers the peak on-demand power and torque in order to achieve a 0 to 60 mph time of 5.8 seconds and a top speed of 125 mph. At anytime the driver can switch between stealth and sport modes. Should the driver wish to change back to Stealth mode, the Q-Drive will transition the vehicle operation to the Stealth mode low energy operating threshold.
HEV
When in HEV or charge sustaining mode the Q-Drive control system operates the vehicle very much the same as a normal strong hybrid. This includes deceleration engine shutdown, zero speed engine-off, electric launch and auto- start capability, and charge sustaining while maintaining charge balancing throughout the customer drive cycle. When the driver is in Sport mode, the Q- Drive automatically transitions to the charge sustaining mode at a higher SOC level than when in Stealth mode. This ensures that sufficient energy is available to support driver demands. Should the driver transition from Stealth to Sport while in HEV mode, the Q-Drive will restore the higher low- energy threshold. This provides for a high performance, on-demand, no- compromise, vehicle operation.
Fuel Economy & Energy Recovery
The Q-Drive system in all modes of operation works synchronously with the regenerative braking system and optimizes the energy recovery around driving conditions, driver demands for downhill simulated engine braking, vehicle speed, and road conditions.
Exterior Design
Eco Chic
Low, wide and coupe-like in profile, sensually sculpted surfaces mix with dramatic and powerful proportions to give the Fisker Karma a "look" all its own. The Karma's dynamic stance is just as much a thing of beauty as it is a result of the car's proprietary technical layout. Standard 22-inch light alloy rims at all four corners make Karma a world-leader in the wheel to body relationship. Form and function go hand in hand at Fisker.
Furthermore, innovative and functional design features such as side- mounted charging indicators, state-of-the-art LED-Xenon lighting, unique external-mounted speaker covers and a one-piece solar glass roof work in harmony to express the new design aesthetic that is Eco-Chic.
The exterior design of the production Karma is instantly recognizable and makes no compromises, with only minor changes from the 2008 Karma show car.
Headlamps/Tail lamps
The Karma headlamp combines a Bi-Xenon main lighting module with state-of- the-art LEDs making it one of the most energy-efficient headlamps ever offered. The distinctive bezel design is yet another example of the new Eco- Chic aesthetic.
The tail lamps features state-of-the-art LEDs for low energy consumption
Solar Roof
The Fisker Karma is unique in having the world's largest continuous formed glass solar roof panel on a car. The splayed solar cell array maximizes solar ray absorption under various lighting conditions. The graphic accent that runs between the solar cells gives the solar roof a unique and futuristic appearance.
Solar Roof Functionality
The Karma solar energy system converts radiated power from the sun into stored electrical energy. All energy gained from the sun supplants that of the batteries and fuel, effectively increasing the electric range of the Karma.
Solar Power Modes
During vehicle on mode and accessory mode, the electrical system will use all available solar power. For vehicle off mode, the driver may choose from 3 solar power strategies.
1. Auto - the Karma will use the solar power for optimal benefit and focus on system efficiency and reduced costs, including energy and longevity. The Karma will use this default strategy unless the driver selects otherwise, and the Karma resets to this strategy after each power-on.
2. Climate - the energy management system will utilize the solar power to ventilate the passenger compartment and reduce the effects of radiant heating. The driver can select this option from the solar menu.
3. Charging - the Karma will store as much energy as possible from solar power. The driver can select this option from the solar menu.
System Architecture
The solar system architecture consists of a the solar panel and power conditioning devices which manage the power delivered utilizing maximum power point (MPP) tracking. The solar panel is comprised of 4 electrically separate zones, each consisting of 20 cells in series. Each of the 4 zones incorporates MPP tracking to maximize power output for various solar radiation angles and partial shading conditions.
As a subsystem, it serves as an integral part of the vehicle onboard energy management strategy to continuously optimizes and manage on board vehicle energy.
Technical Specifications
-- 0.5 kWh/day
-- 130 W
Charging Port
-- Locking charging port with lid for 110V and 220V charging on driver's side rear quarter panel (analog to fuel filler on passenger side)
High-Performance Spaceframe Body Structure
Embodied in the Fisker Karma is a high-performance light-weight aluminum space-frame - developed by the most experienced body structure engineers in the automotive industry. The Karma aluminum spaceframe fulfills high stiffness targets for bending and torsion while fulfilling all current crash standards. The strong aluminum spaceframe allows the driver of the Fisker Karma to experience a new level of body rigidity and damping. The resulting steering feel and the driving dynamics will be unmatched in the 4-door sports sedan class.
The side glass "DLO" appears as one smooth, unbroken curved surface that incorporates a flush B-pillar. Due to the strong B-pillar, the Fisker Karma easily fulfills the proposed 2012 rollover protection rules.
Vehicle Architecture
The Fisker Karma's vehicle architecture layout features the lithium ion battery packaged into the tunnel enabling a very low center of gravity in the middle of the vehicle - perfect for best driving dynamics and safety. A further advantage of this architecture is the completely closed and rigid body shell that surrounds the driver and the passengers between the front and the rear of the vehicle.
Interior
The final production interior will be unveiled in Detroit at the NAIAS on January 15, 2009.
Chassis - Suspension
Designed to match the unique driving experience of the Fisker Karma's electric driveline, the suspension system balances attributes of a grand touring sedan with the fun-to-drive characteristics of a legitimate sports car. Using a systems integration approach to the complex tradeoffs of an all new plug-in hybrid platform, engineers were able to meet rigorous functional targets that are competitive with other luxury sports sedans. The design result takes advantage of Karma's low center of gravity, wide track, and long wheelbase to deliver a unique driving experience with a blend of response and comfort.
Both front and rear suspensions feature a "short long arm" (SLA) architecture with a short spindle height. Similar to that found in many sports cars, the compact package of the SLA suspension is compatible with Karma's low overall hood height and a dramatic rear end styling.
All suspension components including control arms, knuckles and sub frame are made from lightweight cast aluminum. The liberal use of aluminum in many chassis components reduces the overall weight, including un-sprung weight, to improve agility and ride performance.
The Karma is controlled at each of four wheels with mono-tube shock absorbers that are specifically tuned to improve the level of roll damping, giving a sense of flat cornering with little body roll. The rear shock absorbers are load-leveling, so the vehicle maintains its showroom stature at any loaded condition.
Fundamental to the driver interface, the steering is a hydraulically power-assisted rack and pinion. The hydraulic power unit is electrically driven and tuned for optimum steering feel with a programmable servo assist feature. Steering ratio is 14 to 1, with 2.7 turns lock-to-lock giving remarkable steering responsiveness. Specific focus has been also been given to balancing highway responsiveness with reduced parking efforts, giving a sense of an overall smaller and more nimble vehicle.
Brake Actuation System
-- Electro-hydraulic brake boost unit with integral chassis control
functions:
-- Brake proportioning
-- ABS
-- Traction control
-- Stability control
-- Electrically regenerative brake blending with friction braking
-- Parking Brake
-- Electrically actuated parking brake, bi-directional switch operation
Chassis - Wheels & Tires
-- Tires
-- Front: 245/35R22 Michelin Pilot Sport PS2 with optimized rolling
resistance
-- Rear: 265/35R22 Michelin Pilot Sport PS2 with optimized rolling
resistance
Overall Vehicle Specifications
-- Acceleration ('sport' mode)
-- 0-60 miles/hour = 5.8 seconds (0-100 km/h in 60 seconds)
-- Top speed (continuous) = 125 miles/hour (200 km/h)
-- Weight
-- curb weight = 4,650 lbs
-- Range
-- Electric Only Range = 50 miles EPA city cycle
-- Total Range = Over 300 miles
-- Exterior Dimensions
-- Overall Length = 4987 mm
-- Overall Width = 1984 mm
-- Overall Height = 1330 mm
-- Front Overhang = 913 mm
-- Rear Overhang = 914 mm
-- Wheelbase = 3160 mm
-- Front Track = 1689 mm
-- Rear Track = 1720 mm
Powertrain Specifications:
-- Rear Wheel Drive
-- Performance:
-- Stealth Mode = max 95 mph - battery only
-- Performance Mode = max 125 mph (ICE & battery - combined)
-- Drive Motor(s) Power = 2 x 150 kW (408 hp)
-- Battery Size
-- Dimensions = 1870 mm L x 205 mm W x 360 mm H
-- Energy Capacity = 22.6 kW hours
-- ICE Powertrain = 2.0 Liter DI Turbo Ecotec
-- Exhaust System Location = Engine Bay
-- Transmission = Not Required
The Fisker Karma will be assembled by Valmet Automotive in a highly automized assembly facility. Valmet Automotive is currently producing the Porsche Boxster and Porsche Cayman. The first Fisker Karma will be delivered to customers in November 2009. Yearly volume is anticipated to reach 15,000 cars per year.
A total of 40 retailers for the U.S. will be established by October 2009. Fisker Automotive will announce 20 of their Retailers in January 2009. European pricing will be announced at the International Geneva Motor Show in March, 2009.
The Karma is not exactly for everyone. With a pricetag of $87,900, very few will be enjoying its comforts. It's a very impressive Extended Range Electric Vehicle (plug-in hybrid), with all the bells and whistles you might expect. You can travel up to 50 miles on all electric power, and after that, the gas engine will kick in and you can run in hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) mode.
The electric motor is powered by the (very large!) battery pack (22.6 kWh). You can charge it using an 110V or 220V plug
Fisker estimates you can get 100 mpg out of this very powerful sports car if you commute less than 50 miles a day and charge the Karma overnight. And you can go 0-60 in 5.8 seconds. You can select which mode you prefer on the fly, stealth or sports. The stealth mode restricts your powerful engine and extends the all electric range, while the sports mode allows for enhanced vehicle performance.
And, just to top it off, there will be solar panels on the roof. The energy captured goes to the battery pack, giving you an extended range on all electric power.
Read more about the Karma, how it's being built in Finland, or just follow the category (Fisker) tag at the end of this post.
Press Release Follows:
RVINE, Calif., Dec. 2 /PRNewswire/ -- Fisker Automotive, Inc., a green American premium sports car company, today announced that its first production car, the Fisker Karma, will be showcased at the North American International Auto Show (NAIAS). With only minor design enhancements made to the exterior of the vehicle, the production Fisker Karma plug-in hybrid retains the extreme proportions and beautiful sculpture of the January 2008 Karma show car.
"We are very excited to be bringing the Fisker Karma back to NAIAS," said Fisker Automotive CEO Henrik Fisker. "In the year since we debuted the Karma, the reception we've received has been tremendous. I'm proud to announce at this time that we are already sold out on the car until mid-2010."
With a base price of $87,900 (USD), the Fisker Karma is scheduled to begin delivery in November 2009. Featuring the proprietary Q-Drive powertrain, the Fisker Karma will have an all-electric range of 50 miles (80km). After the all electric 50 miles, the gasoline engine turns a generator to charge the lithium ion battery. Once the 50-mile electric range has been exceeded, the Fisker Karma can be used as a normal hybrid vehicle. With this balance of electric and gas range, Fisker Automotive estimates that most Karma drivers who charge the Karma overnight and commute less than 50 miles per day will be able to achieve an average fuel economy of 100 mpg (2.4L/100km) per year.
The production model to be featured at the 2009 NAIAS will include an upper grill that is graphically enhanced, being slightly larger towards the outer corners. The lower air intake has been enlarged to allow for more airflow and underneath the rear bumper, an aerodynamic diffuser includes the integration of a cooling cover for the electric drivetrain.
To optimize cooling and aerodynamics, the exhaust pipe from the ICE engine is routed directly out behind the front wheels. A small functional side vent will release the hot air when the ICE engine is turned on. The Fisker Karma also features a complete flush B-pillar. The B-pillar is a safety feature and already fulfills the proposed 2012 rollover protection safety regulations.
Underneath the Karma is an all aluminum spaceframe made in cooperation with Norsk Hydro. The exterior body is a combination of aluminum panels and composite panels.
The Karma has a unique sustainable interior strategy. The design of the interior cabin is a luxurious tailored space for four adults. The interior will be unveiled for the first time in its final form at the 2009 NAIAS.
The vehicle's ride and handling is decisively sporty and includes very responsive steering. The Karma's long wheel base, wide track and low center of gravity provide excellent cornering and stability at highway speeds.
The innovative powertrain, Q-drive, utilizes a large, powerful lithium ion battery and a powerful 2-liter direct injected turbo-charged 4-cylinder gasoline engine developing 260 hp, which enables the Karma to achieve a continuous top speed of 125 mph and a 0-60 of 5.8 seconds. The large powerful lithium ion battery provides 22.6 kWh, which has unique control software. The two powerful electric motors deliver a combined 408 hp.
Additional features of the Karma include:
Karma Powertrain "Q-Drive"
Powertrain Overview Description
The Karma powertrain is a high performance, high efficiency, plug-in hybrid electric system comprised of three electric machines, three inverters, a turbo-charged 2.0 L high-feature DI gasoline engine and an advanced Lithium- ion technology battery pack. This hardware combination coupled with the innovative Q-Drive control system provides for a unique driving experience where energy, power, feel, and fuel economy are optimized to satisfy driver demands.
Energy Storage System
The energy storage system incorporates an advanced lithium-ion chemistry battery pack with integrated control and safety systems that ensure safe and powerful operation throughout the operating life. The system has a maximum storage capacity of 22.6 kW-hrs and is capable of delivering a peak electric power of 200 kW (500 Amps at 400 Volts) throughout the charge depleting range of operation. The Advanced Lithium Power battery pack has been designed for the rigorous requirements of the automotive environment, and is a full "plug and play unit" utilizing all advanced vehicle communications software. The battery pack uses inherently safe cell chemistry and has been designed with multiple levels of software and hardware features to ensure optimal performance while providing the highest levels of safety features.
Powertrain Electric Traction
The power dense dual motor traction drive is capable of delivering a peak output mechanical power of 300 kW (408 hp) and a peak torque of 1300 Nm (959 Ft-lb) to the input of the differential. In Sport mode this provides for a high performance luxury sport sedan acceleration time of 0 to 60 mph (0-100 km/h) in less than 6 seconds. The sustained (electronic limited) top speed is 125 mph (200 km/h).
Karma Powertrain Operating Modes
Stealth
Stealth is the default mode of operation. In this mode of operation the Q-Drive continuously optimizes the system performance and efficiency around fuel economy and electric operation. The high efficiency traction system and stable battery pack operating characteristics provide for full no-compromise electric performance on the urban driving schedule. The total achievable all electric range of greater than 50 miles is realized while in Stealth mode. In this mode the maximum vehicle speed will be limited to 95 mph with slightly limited acceleration. When electric mode is exited, the charge sustaining low energy threshold has been reached. The Q-Drive system then transitions to HEV operation. In HEV mode, the Q-Drive still optimizes fuel economy.
Sport
Sport is a driver selectable feature allowing for enhanced vehicle performance operation. This mode takes full advantage of the peak traction system performance capability and delivers the peak on-demand power and torque in order to achieve a 0 to 60 mph time of 5.8 seconds and a top speed of 125 mph. At anytime the driver can switch between stealth and sport modes. Should the driver wish to change back to Stealth mode, the Q-Drive will transition the vehicle operation to the Stealth mode low energy operating threshold.
HEV
When in HEV or charge sustaining mode the Q-Drive control system operates the vehicle very much the same as a normal strong hybrid. This includes deceleration engine shutdown, zero speed engine-off, electric launch and auto- start capability, and charge sustaining while maintaining charge balancing throughout the customer drive cycle. When the driver is in Sport mode, the Q- Drive automatically transitions to the charge sustaining mode at a higher SOC level than when in Stealth mode. This ensures that sufficient energy is available to support driver demands. Should the driver transition from Stealth to Sport while in HEV mode, the Q-Drive will restore the higher low- energy threshold. This provides for a high performance, on-demand, no- compromise, vehicle operation.
Fuel Economy & Energy Recovery
The Q-Drive system in all modes of operation works synchronously with the regenerative braking system and optimizes the energy recovery around driving conditions, driver demands for downhill simulated engine braking, vehicle speed, and road conditions.
Exterior Design
Eco Chic
Low, wide and coupe-like in profile, sensually sculpted surfaces mix with dramatic and powerful proportions to give the Fisker Karma a "look" all its own. The Karma's dynamic stance is just as much a thing of beauty as it is a result of the car's proprietary technical layout. Standard 22-inch light alloy rims at all four corners make Karma a world-leader in the wheel to body relationship. Form and function go hand in hand at Fisker.
Furthermore, innovative and functional design features such as side- mounted charging indicators, state-of-the-art LED-Xenon lighting, unique external-mounted speaker covers and a one-piece solar glass roof work in harmony to express the new design aesthetic that is Eco-Chic.
The exterior design of the production Karma is instantly recognizable and makes no compromises, with only minor changes from the 2008 Karma show car.
Headlamps/Tail lamps
The Karma headlamp combines a Bi-Xenon main lighting module with state-of- the-art LEDs making it one of the most energy-efficient headlamps ever offered. The distinctive bezel design is yet another example of the new Eco- Chic aesthetic.
The tail lamps features state-of-the-art LEDs for low energy consumption
Solar Roof
The Fisker Karma is unique in having the world's largest continuous formed glass solar roof panel on a car. The splayed solar cell array maximizes solar ray absorption under various lighting conditions. The graphic accent that runs between the solar cells gives the solar roof a unique and futuristic appearance.
Solar Roof Functionality
The Karma solar energy system converts radiated power from the sun into stored electrical energy. All energy gained from the sun supplants that of the batteries and fuel, effectively increasing the electric range of the Karma.
Solar Power Modes
During vehicle on mode and accessory mode, the electrical system will use all available solar power. For vehicle off mode, the driver may choose from 3 solar power strategies.
1. Auto - the Karma will use the solar power for optimal benefit and focus on system efficiency and reduced costs, including energy and longevity. The Karma will use this default strategy unless the driver selects otherwise, and the Karma resets to this strategy after each power-on.
2. Climate - the energy management system will utilize the solar power to ventilate the passenger compartment and reduce the effects of radiant heating. The driver can select this option from the solar menu.
3. Charging - the Karma will store as much energy as possible from solar power. The driver can select this option from the solar menu.
System Architecture
The solar system architecture consists of a the solar panel and power conditioning devices which manage the power delivered utilizing maximum power point (MPP) tracking. The solar panel is comprised of 4 electrically separate zones, each consisting of 20 cells in series. Each of the 4 zones incorporates MPP tracking to maximize power output for various solar radiation angles and partial shading conditions.
As a subsystem, it serves as an integral part of the vehicle onboard energy management strategy to continuously optimizes and manage on board vehicle energy.
Technical Specifications
-- 0.5 kWh/day
-- 130 W
Charging Port
-- Locking charging port with lid for 110V and 220V charging on driver's side rear quarter panel (analog to fuel filler on passenger side)
High-Performance Spaceframe Body Structure
Embodied in the Fisker Karma is a high-performance light-weight aluminum space-frame - developed by the most experienced body structure engineers in the automotive industry. The Karma aluminum spaceframe fulfills high stiffness targets for bending and torsion while fulfilling all current crash standards. The strong aluminum spaceframe allows the driver of the Fisker Karma to experience a new level of body rigidity and damping. The resulting steering feel and the driving dynamics will be unmatched in the 4-door sports sedan class.
The side glass "DLO" appears as one smooth, unbroken curved surface that incorporates a flush B-pillar. Due to the strong B-pillar, the Fisker Karma easily fulfills the proposed 2012 rollover protection rules.
Vehicle Architecture
The Fisker Karma's vehicle architecture layout features the lithium ion battery packaged into the tunnel enabling a very low center of gravity in the middle of the vehicle - perfect for best driving dynamics and safety. A further advantage of this architecture is the completely closed and rigid body shell that surrounds the driver and the passengers between the front and the rear of the vehicle.
Interior
The final production interior will be unveiled in Detroit at the NAIAS on January 15, 2009.
Chassis - Suspension
Designed to match the unique driving experience of the Fisker Karma's electric driveline, the suspension system balances attributes of a grand touring sedan with the fun-to-drive characteristics of a legitimate sports car. Using a systems integration approach to the complex tradeoffs of an all new plug-in hybrid platform, engineers were able to meet rigorous functional targets that are competitive with other luxury sports sedans. The design result takes advantage of Karma's low center of gravity, wide track, and long wheelbase to deliver a unique driving experience with a blend of response and comfort.
Both front and rear suspensions feature a "short long arm" (SLA) architecture with a short spindle height. Similar to that found in many sports cars, the compact package of the SLA suspension is compatible with Karma's low overall hood height and a dramatic rear end styling.
All suspension components including control arms, knuckles and sub frame are made from lightweight cast aluminum. The liberal use of aluminum in many chassis components reduces the overall weight, including un-sprung weight, to improve agility and ride performance.
The Karma is controlled at each of four wheels with mono-tube shock absorbers that are specifically tuned to improve the level of roll damping, giving a sense of flat cornering with little body roll. The rear shock absorbers are load-leveling, so the vehicle maintains its showroom stature at any loaded condition.
Fundamental to the driver interface, the steering is a hydraulically power-assisted rack and pinion. The hydraulic power unit is electrically driven and tuned for optimum steering feel with a programmable servo assist feature. Steering ratio is 14 to 1, with 2.7 turns lock-to-lock giving remarkable steering responsiveness. Specific focus has been also been given to balancing highway responsiveness with reduced parking efforts, giving a sense of an overall smaller and more nimble vehicle.
Brake Actuation System
-- Electro-hydraulic brake boost unit with integral chassis control
functions:
-- Brake proportioning
-- ABS
-- Traction control
-- Stability control
-- Electrically regenerative brake blending with friction braking
-- Parking Brake
-- Electrically actuated parking brake, bi-directional switch operation
Chassis - Wheels & Tires
-- Tires
-- Front: 245/35R22 Michelin Pilot Sport PS2 with optimized rolling
resistance
-- Rear: 265/35R22 Michelin Pilot Sport PS2 with optimized rolling
resistance
Overall Vehicle Specifications
-- Acceleration ('sport' mode)
-- 0-60 miles/hour = 5.8 seconds (0-100 km/h in 60 seconds)
-- Top speed (continuous) = 125 miles/hour (200 km/h)
-- Weight
-- curb weight = 4,650 lbs
-- Range
-- Electric Only Range = 50 miles EPA city cycle
-- Total Range = Over 300 miles
-- Exterior Dimensions
-- Overall Length = 4987 mm
-- Overall Width = 1984 mm
-- Overall Height = 1330 mm
-- Front Overhang = 913 mm
-- Rear Overhang = 914 mm
-- Wheelbase = 3160 mm
-- Front Track = 1689 mm
-- Rear Track = 1720 mm
Powertrain Specifications:
-- Rear Wheel Drive
-- Performance:
-- Stealth Mode = max 95 mph - battery only
-- Performance Mode = max 125 mph (ICE & battery - combined)
-- Drive Motor(s) Power = 2 x 150 kW (408 hp)
-- Battery Size
-- Dimensions = 1870 mm L x 205 mm W x 360 mm H
-- Energy Capacity = 22.6 kW hours
-- ICE Powertrain = 2.0 Liter DI Turbo Ecotec
-- Exhaust System Location = Engine Bay
-- Transmission = Not Required
The Fisker Karma will be assembled by Valmet Automotive in a highly automized assembly facility. Valmet Automotive is currently producing the Porsche Boxster and Porsche Cayman. The first Fisker Karma will be delivered to customers in November 2009. Yearly volume is anticipated to reach 15,000 cars per year.
A total of 40 retailers for the U.S. will be established by October 2009. Fisker Automotive will announce 20 of their Retailers in January 2009. European pricing will be announced at the International Geneva Motor Show in March, 2009.
Monday, 1 December 2008
Camry Hybrid Sets Milestone for Production in the US
Toyota has now produced its 100,000th Camry Hybrid at the Georgetown, Kentucky plant. After just two years, the $10 million investment at the plant has seen a trememdous output from the first plant in the US to produce a hybrid.
Back when the plant was first updated, the Prius and the Camry Hybrid were being built in Japan, resulting in a bottleneck in hybrid production. Every Camry Hybrid built meant a Prius was not being built. By moving production to the US, the plants in Japan were able to build more Prius, resulting in a huge production and sales gain. It's what allowed the Prius to move into the top 10 category for cars being sold.
Other car built at the plant include the Camry, Camry Hybrid, Avalon, Solara convertible and Venza. The plant is the largest manufacturing facility in North America and employs 7,000. It can produce up to 500,000 vehicles and engines annually.
Back when the plant was first updated, the Prius and the Camry Hybrid were being built in Japan, resulting in a bottleneck in hybrid production. Every Camry Hybrid built meant a Prius was not being built. By moving production to the US, the plants in Japan were able to build more Prius, resulting in a huge production and sales gain. It's what allowed the Prius to move into the top 10 category for cars being sold.
Other car built at the plant include the Camry, Camry Hybrid, Avalon, Solara convertible and Venza. The plant is the largest manufacturing facility in North America and employs 7,000. It can produce up to 500,000 vehicles and engines annually.
2009 Saturn Vue Recall Notice
There's a recall notice on the 2009 Saturn Vue. Some (2,149) may have been built with an incorrect right and/or left front steering knuckle.
I'm not sure what a steering knuckle is, but the overall consequences could be severe. It's unclear whether the Vue hybrid is affected, but I thought there was a possibility, so I'm posting the rest of the information here.
Recall Results : ODI - Office of Defects Investigation
I'm not sure what a steering knuckle is, but the overall consequences could be severe. It's unclear whether the Vue hybrid is affected, but I thought there was a possibility, so I'm posting the rest of the information here.
Recall Results : ODI - Office of Defects Investigation
GM IS RECALLING 2,149 MY 2009 SATURN VUE VEHICLES. SOME OF THESE VEHICLES MAY HAVE BEEN BUILT WITH AN INCORRECT RIGHT AND/OR LEFT FRONT STEERING KNUCKLE. AS A RESULT OF THE INCORRECT KNUCKLE AND RESULTING INADEQUATE CLEARANCE, THE TIE ROD BALL STUD COULD PULL OUT OF, OR FRACTURE, THE TIE ROD HOUSING. THIS COULD CAUSE THE TIE ROD TO SEPARATE FROM THE KNUCKLE.
Consequence:
ALTHOUGH STEERING CONTROL OF THE VEHICLE COULD BE MAINTAINED AFTER A TIE ROD SEPARATION BY THE UNAFFECTED WHEEL ON SMOOTH ROADS OR DURING LIGHT BRAKING, WITH MORE SIGNIFICANT SUSPENSION OR BRAKING INPUTS, THE AFFECTED WHEEL COULD TURN OUT AND SKID. IF A VEHICLE BUILT WITH TWO INCORRECT STEERING KNUCKLES HAD BOTH TIE RODS SEPARATE AT THE SAME TIME, STEERING CONTROL OF THE VEHICLE WOULD BE LOST, INCREASING THE RISK OF A CRASH.
Remedy:
DEALERS WILL INSPECT THE STEERING KNUCKLES AND, IF NECESSARY, REPLACE THE STEERING KNUCKLE(S) AND TIE ROD(S). THE RECALL IS EXPECTED TO BEGIN ON OR ABOUT DECEMBER 8, 2008. OWNERS MAY CONTACT SATURN AT 1-800-972-8876 OR THROUGH E-MAIL AT WWW.GMOWNERCENTER.COM.
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